General Health and Life Style
TV Violence Early in Life Affects
Children Later in Life.
Although the relation between TV-violence viewing and aggression in childhood
has been clearly demonstrated, only a few studies have examined this relation
from childhood to adulthood, and these studies of children growing up in the
1960s reported significant relations only for boys. This study is the first
to recognize the effects of violent TV on girls as well. Read
more.
Huesmann LR, Moise-Titus J, Podolski CL, Eron LD Longitudinal
relations between children's exposure to TV violence and their aggressive and
violent behavior in young adulthood: 1977-1992 Dev Psychol
2003 (Mar); 39 (2): 201-221
Social Support and Birth Weight
A University of California study that included
250 pregnant women showed that an infant's birth weight may be affected
by the amount of social support the mother receives during
pregnancy. The women were asked if the baby's father would
help them financially and otherwise with the baby, if their
parents would be there for them, and if they had friends
to turn to for support and assistance. The study found that
women with several types of support from various sources
during pregnancy had higher birth weight infants.
The relationship
between social support and birth weight held even after the researchers took
into account other factors often associated with low birth weight, including
premature delivery, a history of stillbirth or spontaneous abortion,
and medical conditions such as hypertension or epilepsy.
The researchers speculated that social support may alter
responses of the nervous system to stress and improve fetal
growth. Social support may also inspire healthier behaviors
and lifestyles among pregnant women and discourage high-risk
behaviors such as smoking, substance use, and poor nutritional
intake. Pregnant women with more social support may also
be more likely to receive treatment for diseases associated
with low infant birth weight.
- Psychosomatic Medicine, Sept./Oct.
2000
Parental Influence on Childhood Obesity.
Learn how parenting influences childhood obesity. This article from Pediatric
Nursing explores the many factors associated with childhood obesity and
its prevention.
The Effects of Sleep Restriction and Extension on School-Age Children:
This study assessed the effects of modest sleep restriction and extension
on children's neurobehavioral functioning (NBF). The sleep of 77 children
(age: M=10.6 years; range=9.1-12.2 years) was monitored for 5 nights with
activity monitors. These children (39 boys and 38 girls) were all attending
regular 4th- and 6th-grade classes. Their NBF was assessed using computerized
tests on the 2nd day of their normal sleep schedule. On the 3rd evening,
the children were asked to extend or restrict their sleep by an hour on the
following 3 nights. Their NBF was reassessed on the 6th day following the
experimental sleep manipulation. Sleep restriction led to improved sleep
quality and to reduced reported alertness. The sleep manipulation led to
significant differential effects on NBF measures. These effects may have
significant developmental and clinical implications. Child Development, Volume
74: Issue 2
Protection at Birth: Rub in the Vernix
The newborn infant is protected by
an innate antimicrobial barrier: peptide antibiotics are present in
the skin and vernix caseosa
Peptide antibiotics are part of
the surface defenses against microbial intruders. However, the presence and
significance of these innate immune effectors in the skin barrier of the
newborn infant have not yet been appreciated.
Peptide antibiotics are present in the vernix caseosa and in the skin of the
healthy newborn infant, indicating effective innate immune protection already
during fetal and neonatal life.
G.
Marchini, S. Lindow, H. Brismar, B. Ståbi, V. Berggren,
A-K. Ulfgren,* S. Lonne-Rahm, B. Agerberth and G.H. Gudmundsson
Mattresses: Hidden source of toxins
There are options. Many
futons are not treated with fire retardants, except for boric
acid, which can also be left out of the futon processing with
a note from a doctor explaining a chemical sensitivity. Mattresses
made from organic materials are also available Do not set mattresses
directly on the floor; use a frame to elevate the bed, allowing
an air space to diffuse gases.
Take note though, not even an
organic mattress is adequate to protect infants from birth
to six months from SIDS. Crib and bassinet mattresses must
be wrapped with thick gauge polyethylene sheeting (available
at hardware stores) to prevent exposure to toxic gases that
can be formed even in natural materials. If a baby sleeps with
the parents, then the adult bed needs to be wrapped. After
six months it is assumed that babies are less susceptible to
the gases.
Visit the ICPA Newsletter On-line References for
sources for safer mattresses provided by Dr. Randall Neustaedter.
References are available on line at:
http://www.icpa4kids.com/chiropractic_newsletter_references.htm
Links between Toxic Pollutants and Childhood Illness
The Center for Children's Health and the Environment (CCHE) is the nation's
first academic research and policy center to examine the links between exposure
to toxic pollutants and childhood illness. CCHE was established in 1998 within
the Department of Community and Preventive Medicine of the Mount Sinai School
of Medicine. CCHE's mission is to promote the health of children by conducting
environmental health and policy research.
Visit Site
Sleep-Debt Linked with Temper Tantrums
A new study confirms what many parents, teachers and doctors have suspected:
Lack of sleep provokes behavioral problems in young children. Specifically,
2- and 3- year-olds who sleep less than 10 hours per 24-hour period are nearly
25% more likely to have a clinically diagnosed behavior-related psychiatric
disorder, such as oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and attention deficit
disorder (ADD), compared with children who sleep at least 10 hours in a 24-hour
period, say researchers. The study enrolled 510 youngsters, aged 2 to 5 years.
Lavigne JV, Arend R, Rosenbaum D, Smith A, Weissbluth M, Binns HJ, Kaufeer-Christoffel
K. Sleep and behavior problems among preschoolers. J Dev Behav Pediatr
1999; 20 (3): 164-9
Teach Children Healthy Habits Early
Elementary school children who were taught healthy behaviors are still practicing
them three years later, according to a follow-up study that examined the children's
food and fitness behaviors over time. " From 1991 to 1994, the institute financed
the Child and Adolescent Trial for Cardiovascular Health (CATCH), the largest
school-based health promotion research project in the United States. In the
project, third grade students at 56 elementary schools in four states participated.
The children ate school lunches lower in fat than usual and participated in
physical education classes in which they had to maintain moderate-to-vigorous
activity levels. These changes were complemented by classroom health lessons
and activities - and in some cases with family participation.
Nader PR, Stone EJ, Lytle LA., et al. Three-Year Maintenance of Improved
Diet and Physical Activity: The CATCH Cohort. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med.
1999;153 (7): 695-704
Are Cloth Diapers Healthier?
Disposable diapers may be poisoning the children who wear them, say researchers
in the Archives of Environmental Health. Specifically, chemical emissions from
these diapers may trigger asthma and respiratory problems, according to the
report.The study assessed the breathing patterns of mice while they inhaled
emissions of three brands of clean disposable diapers or one brand of clean
cloth diapers. All three types of disposable diapers spurred respiratory problems
in the mice. In contrast, the emissions from cloth diapers resulted in only
slight alterations in respiration. Chemical testing further indicated the toxicity
of disposable diapers. According to the study, "chemical analysis of the emissions
revealed several chemicals with documented respiratory toxicity."
Anderson RC, Anderson JH. Acute respiratory effects of diaper emissions.
Arch Envir Health 1999; 54 (5): 353-8
International Coalition for Drug Awareness
A group of physicians, researchers, journalists and concerned citizens dedicated
to educating others about the dangers posed by many prescription medicines.
Visit their site.
United States Spends Most on Health
Care -
but Study Ranks Nation 37th in Overall Quality
July/ August 2000
The United States, which spends more on health
care than any other nation, came in 37th. In the analysis
published by the World Health Organization which evaluated
the health care systems of its 191 members and graded them
based on how well each country performs given the resources at its disposal.
The study concluded that France has the best health care system in the world,
followed by Italy.
Previous assessments have looked just at how healthy people are, "and you're
left with the image that the rich (countries) do well because they're rich," said
study co-author Dr. Julio Frenk. This new analysis praises health systems "that
utilize few resources very well."
The report essentially measures value for money: comparing a population's health
with how effectively governments spend their money on health, how well the
public health system prevents illness instead of just treating it and how fairly
the poor, minorities and other special populations are treated. It also examines
how fairly the bill is divided among people.
When each country's measurements were added together, even study co-author
Dr. Christopher Murray, a Harvard health economist and the health organization's
chief of health policy evidence, was surprised. He had expected Scandinavian
countries or Canada to be the world's best, because they're always presented
as models. Instead, Norway hit No. 11, Canada 30.
Some health economists raised concerns about the method used to compile the
rankings, in which several Mediterranean countries scored unexpectedly high.
Tiny countries with few patients to care for - San Marino, Andorra, Malta -
crowd onto the surprising best list. Singapore, Spain, Oman and Austria also
made the top 10. Japan, which rated top for the health of its people, placed
10th overall.
Americans - while good at expensive, heroic care - are very poor at the low-cost
preventive care that keeps Europeans healthy, said Princeton University health
economist Uwe Reinhardt. The United States spends a stunning $3,724 per person
on health each year. But measuring how long people live in good health - not
just how long they live - the Japanese beat Americans by 4 1/2 years, and the
French lived three more healthy years. Yet Japan spends just $1,759 per person
on health and France $2,125. ``That's a pretty big gap,'' noted Murray. ``For
the money we're spending, we should be able to do a lot better!''
At the bottom of the list were Sierra Leone, Myanmar, Central African Republic,
Democratic Republic of the Congo and Nigeria. Many of the worst-faring countries
are in sub-Saharan Africa. Largely because of the AIDS epidemic, healthy life
expectancy for babies born this year in many of those nations has dropped to
40 years or less, the W.H.O. said.
Reference:
1. The World Health Report 2000 - Health systems:
Improving performance. Published by the World Health Organization,
Geneva, Switzerland. Reported by: Ross E. Associated Press
Medical Writer
Is the germ theory of disease creating its reality?
At the Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association
June, 2000, the following statement was issued: . "Antibacterial soaps may be no more effective against
germs than common soap, and could contribute to the threat posed by drug-resistant
bacterial strains, according to a statement by the American Medical Association
(AMA)." Unfortunalely, they stopped stopped short of recommending that people
avoid using the popular soaps, lotions and mouthwashes.
They have asked government regulators to expedite their review of antibacterial
products and determine if they might contribute to the health threat created
by excessive use of antibiotics. "There's no evidence that they do any good
and there's reason to suspect that they could contribute to a problem" by helping
to create antibiotic-resistant bacteria, said Myron Genel, chairman of the
AMA's Council on Scientific Affairs and a Yale University pediatrician.
He said use of the products may contribute to the well-recognized problem created
by excessive use of antibiotics that has led to mutated bacterial strains that
are resistant to drugs.
The following article
in Conscious Choice offers an entire article to the subject, siting the
types of soaps which contribute to resistant strains of bacteria.
Western medicine: a confidence trick driven by the drug industry?
A very interesting editorial in this months BMJ brings to light the drug industry
realtionship and what we are led to believe is health care for our best interests. Read
the editorial.
Reported adverse drug events in infants and children under 2 years
of age .
Adverse reactions to drug therapy are a significant cause of death and injury
in infants and children under 2 years of age. Drugs administered to the mother
in the perinatal period constituted a major route of exposure to adverse drug
advents. These results underscore the need for additional drug testing in the
youngest pediatric patients and for carefully weighing the risks versus benefits
of medication.
Read Abstract
Does drug promotion adversely influence doctors' abilities to make
the best decisions for patients?
The following excerpts reveal what we have said all along about the promotion
and prescribing of drugsAn excellent compilation of facts and references.
The pharmaceutical industry is huge and growing fast...Because of this huge
and increasing expenditure, it is timely to review the effects of drug promotion
on psychiatrists and our patients...Pharmaceutical companies use the most effective
promotional methods that they can to increase sales income. They have a legal
obligation to maximise profit for shareholders, as well as self-interest in
maximising income for staff and for the company as a whole...The pharmaceutical
industry has another more subtle way of maximising profit, which can potentially
adversely influence doctors' abilities to make the best decisions for patients.
Pharmaceutical companies do not just promote drugs, they also promote illness
(which of course leads to increased sale of drugs)....There is also considerable
opportunity for hidden promotion in the funding of research. For example, many
so-called research studies seem designed to familiarise doctors with drugs
and encourage their use, rather than to contribute to scientific knowledge.
...Patients are likely to benefit if doctors avoid contact with drug companies
when possible, become very sceptical of promotional claims from any source
and gain skills at critical appraisal of both the medical literature and promotion
Read the
entire article